Event of Australian Open Tennis Tournament-Samples for Students

Questions: 1. Identify the type, dimension and associated attractions of the Chosen event. 2. Provide a brief analysis of the categorisation indicators such as a. Form or content (eg. Sports event, cultural event, business event, etc) b. Location and Size c. Budget considerations d. Number of participants 3. Identify Event Stakeholders and discuss their involved in the chosen event. Answers: 1.Introduction Australian Open is one of the biggest sports event that is held within the country. This event is held on an annual basis in Melbourne since 1905. The tournament has the record of having the highest number of attendants in a Grand Slam event. This is due to the reason that it attracts large number of tourists from across the globe. The event also boasts of hosting the event in an indoor and an outdoor manner, which makes it the first of its kind. These factors have helped majorly in attracting the people for this particular event (Gescheit et al. 2017). 2.Analysis a.Form of the event Australian Open is a sporting event that is held in Melbourne, Australia every year, which brings out the best from all the sportsmen and sportswomen who participate in this event. It is one of the famous lawn tennis competition events that is held across the globe. The players who participate in it are famous, which helps in attracting the audiences from all over the world (Chen and Guo 2014). b.Location and Size c.The event is held in all over Melbourne with the help of different parks and tennis courts that are situated over there. This sporting event is held on a large scale, as it is one of the famous events that is held in Australia every year. The players are accommodated in some of the best hotels in Melbourne so that they can have a better experience with their stay and play with a peaceful mindset. They are given proper training facilities so that the players can practice their skills prior to their matches (Whiteside and Reid 2016). c.Budget considerations The organizers of the event have to keep in mind the costs of the courts that are being hired for the tournament. The cost of the courts may vary depending on the size and the seating capacity of it. The number of people that can be accommodated within the arena, it is likely that it will affect the cost of the courts (Whiteside, Bane and Reid 2016). The cost of the balls needs to be taken in to consideration as well, as the cost of a set of three balls that are used in the tournament are around $7 dollars. The tournament will require more than hundred cans of balls so that the players can be provided with it during the tournaments and during their practice sessions as well. The use of new balls for the matches will help in playing the game in a fair manner (John, Stweart and McDonald 2013). The officials of the matches and the assistances that are required for the matches needs to be hired as well for which the organizers have to pay them. Each of the match officials will charge on an hourly basis, which may vary from $40-$50 per hour. These costs need to be taken in to account, as without some of them the tournament cannot proceed further (Brouwers, Sotiriadou and De Bosscher 2015). Another important requirement is the first aids and the refreshments that need to be provided to the players during the course of the match. If the players are injured while playing, they need to be administered with the first aid immediately so that it prevents further damages to the injured parts. The breaks that are given to players after the end of each match helps them in rejuvenating the energy by taking an adequate supply of water and other energy drinks. A separate cost needs to be set for these things as well (Reid et al. 2014). Particulars Amount Promotional Activities $20000 Collection of fees for the event $5000 Rent for each of the courts $750 Rent for officials on an hourly basis $20 Cost of balls (150 sets @ $7 per box) $1050 Water (120 cases @ $3 per case) $480 Trophies $1000 Printing charges $2500 Miscellaneous expenses $6500 Total expenses $37300 (Source: Created by Author) d.Number of participants A tournament like Australian Open attracts large number of players, as it helps the players to gain recognition among the masses. It is seen that 320 players both seeded and unseeded participate in the tournament so that they can take their chances in winning the tournament. The number of participants is divided between men, women and the wheelchair matches for the physically handicapped category that is present in the tournament (Chen and Guo 2014). 3.Role of Stakeholders The various sports commission of Australia such as Tennis Australia, Tennis Victoria and Valley Sport. These associations help in managing, promoting and coordinating the course of the events that take place in during the tournament. The other major stakeholder for the tournament is the sports media such as KIA sports and Channel 9 who has the responsibility of broadcasting the matches directly for the viewers who are sitting at home and watching the game (Thompson et al. 2016). Reference List Gescheit, D.T., Cormack, S.J., Duffield, R., Kovalchik, S., Wood, T.O., Omizzolo, M. and Reid, M., 2017. Injury epidemiology of tennis players at the 20112016 Australian Open Grand Slam.Br J Sports Med, pp.bjsports-2016. Whiteside, D. and Reid, M., 2016. External match workloads during the first week of Australian Open tennis competition.International journal of sports physiology and performance, pp.1-20. John, A., Stewart, B. and McDonald, B., 2013. Mixed doubles: Political hegemony, urban entrepreneurialism and the Australian Open Tennis Championships.The International Journal of the History of Sport,30(2), pp.162-178. Brouwers, J., Sotiriadou, P. and De Bosscher, V., 2015. An examination of the stakeholders and elite athlete development pathways in tennis.European Sport Management Quarterly,15(4), pp.454-477. Reid, M., Morgan, S., Churchill, T. and Bane, M.K., 2014. Rankings in professional mens tennis: a rich but underutilized source of information.Journal of Sports Sciences,32(10), pp.986-992. Thompson, A.J., Martin, A.J., Gee, S. and Geurin, A.N., 2016. Fans perceptions of professional tennis events social media presence: Interaction, insight, and brand anthropomorphism.Communication Sport, p.2167479516650442. Chen, G. and Guo, K., 2014, November. The Dynamic Analysis on Li Nas Winning Technical Index in Australian Open form 2013 to 2014. In2014 International Conference on Social Science (ICSS-14). Atlantis Press. Whiteside, D., Bane, M. and Reid, M., 2016, May. Differentiating Top-Ranked Male Tennis Players from Lower ranked Players Using Hawk-Eye Data: An Investigation Of The 20122014 Australian Open Tournaments. InISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive(Vol. 33, No. 1).

Servervault Analysis free essay sample

There are several approaches which are worth for SeverVault to consider. The first alternative is Status Quo (SQ), it means do nothing and let the business keeps running in the old way. Since Severvault is going to meet the venture capitalists who are interested in taking an equity stake in SeverVault in exchange for a cash investment, there are few possibilities that may might happen if it has decided to use Status Quo. The first possibility is that ServerVault has failed to attract those venture capitalist to invest. Then, due to the limited cash that ServerVault is holding and the negative cash flow, it will record a negative cash balance of $706422 in September 2000 (Appendix 1). Therefore, as there is no more additional capital investment in this period, ServerVault will not be able to keep operating its business and will result of bankrupt in the end. The second possibility is that if the venture capitalists invest only 5 million. We will write a custom essay sample on Servervault Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This amount of capital can maintain its business in a short run. However, because investing in hosting company is classified as long term investment, and ServerVault is still in the early stage of its development. 5 million is not adequate to maintain its operation in long run. Since the cost of building the new facilities and the computer hardware are the major cash outflow, the net cash flow will still be negative. Therefore, November 2000 will be the last month recording of a positive cash flow of $798678 and it will have a negative cash balance of $876022 in December 2000 (Appendix 2). ServerVault is still walking towards the way of bankruptcy. The last possibility is that if the venture capitalists invest 15 million. In this case, although ServerVault will not have sufficient cash to run its business, it will be able to operate for a longer time compare to the second possibility. According the Appendix 3, Servervault will record its first negative cash balance of $102422 in July 2001. In short, quoting to the 12 months cash flow forecast of ServerVaut in Appendix 4, the cash outflow is exceeding than its cash inflow. If there is not additional funding besides those venture capitalists, ServerVault will not have enough cash to keep operating and will declare bankrupt eventually. The second alternative is the merging between ServerVault and the other hosting company. There are several advantages of merging with the other hosting companies in the same market. First of all, merging can expand its market share in hosting industry. Since each hosting company has obtained certain percentage of the market share, its market share may be sufficient to affect the market price of internet hosting service. If merging happens between two companies, their market shares will turn into a single company. Thus, that company will have more market share. More market share will enable a company to have a larger bargaining power to its suppliers, customers, investors. In this case, Serervault will have more bargaining power to its venture capitalists. Not only will the venture capitalists have a higher chance to invest 15 million, but also it will attract more capitalists to invest. Take the example of the two largest online video firms Tudou and Youku, the acquisition of Todou can grant more than 35% of market share which giving it more bargaining power with potential advertisers . Moreover, The joint operation is expected to help the firms cut costs in areas such as copyrights, bandwidth and server purchases. In short, not only merging can increase the market share, but also reduce the operating cost. Therefore, if merging can reduce the operating cost such as set up, hosting, and services cost will be definitely decrease in a significant portion. Another advantage is that merging can increase the competitiveness of its company. As the market share will be increased by merging two companies, it will has a lower production cost (operating cost). As a result, ServerVault can provide the same hosting service with a lower market price because of the lower production cost. Thus, since ServerVault has been doing the product differentiator because of its unique security technology, it can shift its cost driver from product differentiator to cost leader gradually. So it can widen its customer base not only for those who are looking for fast and secure internet service, but also for customers who cannot afford for the original price. With reference to the example of facebooks Instagram acquisition, since Instagram has become a popular application used on facebook, a site that has built an audience of some 950 million users,and its nature is similar with facebook about sharing photos on the internet, the acquisition can help facebook to eliminate a large competitor in photo sharing market. This movement helps facebook to maintain its competitiveness in the market. If ServerVault merges with the other hosting company, it will bring a similar effect as facebook and Instagram. Last but not least, merging with the other hosting company can help Servervault to solve its financial problem. If the merging company has adequate cash balance, it enables ServerVault to implement its original plan of expanding its business and building more new facilities. If the venture capitalists invest 5 million, ServerVault needs $11140422 to keep operating its business until it record a positive cash flow (Appendix 5). If they invest 15 million, it needs $1140422 until there is a positive cash flow (Appendix 6). (This calculation is based on the cost before merging, the real cost will be lower because of the lower operation cost after merging) However, there are some drawbacks about the merging. Firstly, the control power of the company will be shared between the merging company and ServerVault. Therefore, ServerVault may not have the full decision making power on its original plan. It may need to cooperate with the merging company to come up with a new plan for its future. Moreover, the confidential information such as the secure technology will no longer solely belong to ServerVault but the merging company as well. Therefore, there are some risks that ServerVault has to take if it has decided to merge with other hosting company. In conclusion, if Servervault chooses the alternative of Status Quo, it will no longer survive in the long run. Even if the venture capitalists invest 15 million cash in it, the longest life span of Serervault will be in Decemeber 2001 and as a result of bankruptcy. Therefore, as there is a high demand of cash in operating a hosting company, I strongly recommend ServerVault to consider the possibility of merging with the other hosting company. However, there are some arrangements which Servervault should concern. The first one is which company is the most appropriate one to merge with. To answer this question, we should focus on the market share and the financial position of that company. Servervault will not able to survive if the company has tiny market share and insufficient cash balance to support its expansion plan. Secondly, with reference to Appendix 4,the expected growth of web hosting industry are different among companies in different segment. Since the growth rate of managed section is way better than the co-located and shared (from 1million 2000 to almost 11 million 2004), we should consider merging with company which is also in managed section. The recommended companies are Digex, IBM, Data Return, and also Carpathia. If there is no company which can fulfill the above requirements, it means that expanding of its business rapidly is no longer a wise choice for Servervault.

Elements and Characteristics of a Clinical Micro System

I was once a support services team member in Lebanon at the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Spine Centre. This centre collects information from healthcare recipients using touch pads. Hence, clinicians make decisions based on the data collected from patients. The medical symptoms of patients who visit this clinical micro system are determined using a computer through a sensitive touch screen. Hence, results on previous treatments, anticipations for care, functional status and body symptoms are obtained from a computer.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Elements and Characteristics of a Clinical Micro System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A clinical staff may also apply other methodologies in order to offer directions on the management and assessment of patient’s needs. Moreover, pre-planning of needs of a healthcare recipient is largely preferred in order to improve efficiency. Follow-ups on the progress of patients a re also encouraged especially through phone calls in order to ensure that all the management information has been adequately comprehended. After sharing the reading, my experience with the above clinical micro system has been greatly enlightened. For instance, I have realized that teamwork is integral when handling patients with myriads of medical problems that need urgent attention (Charlesa, Gafnia and Whelana 650). Additionally, the adaptive challenge that may assist my team in the final project is the ability to apply medical technology when evaluating patients and also being consistent throughout the project. In order to be a well informed team member, the above experience has indeed added value in my ability to choose the right person to interview. The person should be knowledgeable on specific area of specialization and also a team player (Charlesa, Gafnia and Whelana 655). Works Cited Charlesa Cathy, Amiram Gafnia and Tim Whelana. â€Å"Decision-making in the physician†“ patient encounter: revisiting the shared treatment decision-making model.† Social Science Medicine 49 (1999): 651-661. Print. This essay on Elements and Characteristics of a Clinical Micro System was written and submitted by user Cailyn Cruz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Lies, damned lies and statistics - Emphasis

Lies, damned lies and statistics Lies, damned lies and statistics There are three kinds of lies: lies, damned lies and statistics. So said Benjamin Disraeli (and later Mark Twain, who was quoting him). Yet the public (and thats all of us, at one time or another) continues to be sucked in by reports based on spurious logic and facts of dubious provenance. If youve ever wondered why, you should read Risk, by Dan Gardner. Its a fascinating explanation of why we fall for sensationalist writing every time. The link between the MMR triple vaccine and autism is one of the latest examples of the triumph of hype over reality. Reports of a link were based on a study involving just a handful of children. And countless subsequent and much bigger studies failed to confirm it. So the UK Government issued a statement saying that there was no link. And thats when it all kicked off probably helped by the Governments denial. (After all, if the Governments denying it, then it must be true, right?) The newspapers began filling up with studies of children whod received the triple jab and then went on to develop the condition. Queues formed at clinics offering measles, mumps and rubella vaccination in three separate injections (a method that unlike the triple jab had never been tested on a large scale for either safety or efficacy). More and more people sought alternatives, such as homoeopathic vaccination. And crucially vaccination rates plummeted, to way below that required to produce herd immunity. Now, years later, measles infection rates have climbed dramatically more than 1300 last year in the UK alone, compared with just 56 ten years ago. The World Health Organization has abandoned its hope of eradicating the disease in the short term. And all because of a dubious, almost certainly unrepresentative study. So why did we fall for it? It would be tempting to say that most people lack the technical knowledge to assess statistics properly. That may be true, but theres more to it than that. Psychology plays a huge part. Our emotions are produced in the parts of the brain that evolved long before the parts that enable us to reason. And we make judgements usually subconsciously based on emotion (or gut feel) long before we use logic to work out if our gut feeling is right. Then theres innumeracy. According to French neuroscientist Stanislas Dehaene, were slower to compute 4+5 than 2+3. In fact, humans innate skill with numbers isnt much better than that of rats and dolphins. Its just that weve learned how to overcome it with a lot of effort. (When polled, 45 per cent of Canadians didnt know how many millions there are in a billion, for example.) So instead, people rely on gut feel: autism is a Bad Thing, so MMR must be bad. Logic never really gets a look in. Risk explains in a clear and compelling way why our lives are dominated by irrational fears (as well as why we dont worry about the things we should worry about). Its the perfect antidote to the current epidemic of negative news. And if you dont want to read that, heres another statistic for you, this time from the late comedian George Carlin: Think about how stupid the average person is; now realise half of them are dumber than that.

Are social media and increasing access to virtual reality altering our Essay

Are social media and increasing access to virtual reality altering our social interactions and expectations - Essay Example The social/cultural and ethical aspects that I will concentrate on pertain to privacy issues and the development of friendships, as well a social circles on-line. These are activities that Americans previously loved to do in real time using physical interaction but has now migrated to virtual settings within the context of social media. 3. What are the opponents of your position likely to claim? My opponents will be most likely to claim that social media has enhanced the social lives of people and allowed for a greater degree of friendship development since social media is used as a world wide connectivity and discussion tool. 4. What is your response or reason that suggests your opponents are incorrect? Simply put, we may have a large friends list in our social media accounts but we do not really know anything about them. Social media creates shallow friendships that do not last beyond a shared interest in a particular activity. These are simply friendships suggested by the social m edia based upon our perceived likes and dislikes. 5. Cite at least TWO outside resources that support your position and one that expresses the objection to your position. Two outside sources that support my position will come from Jay Baer's article â€Å"Social Media, Pretend Friends, and the Lie of False Intimacy† along with Kathleen C. and Anuhea R.'s â€Å"Free Speech: Benefit or Liability?†. ... For those living far apart from friends, postal mail was the way to go in terms of keeping in touch. Needless to say, making and keeping friends during the time of our parents really required effort in order to get to know each other and stay in touch. but all of that changed with the advent of social media. Twitter, Facebook, Myspace, all of these social channels allowed for instant connectivity among friends. It also allowed people to make friends with other people based upon shared likes and interests. The time had come for the rise of easy contact and making friends all over the world. Sadly, even though social media has created an excellent virtual reality setting that allows us to interact across the seas, it has also altered our social interactions and expectations in a negative manner. This paper will look at two of the main reasons for the negative influence of social media over our lives and methods of interacting with people as opposed to those who believe that social medi a has provided a tremendous benefit to our social interactions using various articles and journals that support and opposed the issue respectively. Let me start off this discussion with the reasons that people say social media has positively affected our social interaction and expectations. Proponents of social media say that the instant communication allowed by the system makes part of the conversation by allowing them to participate in discussions rather than talking at them (Folkens, Dave â€Å"3 Ways Social Media is Changing Public Relations†). By allowing people to have their say via social media, the group interaction helps to remove the communication barriers that used to exist for people during the infancy of the internet. As such, the internet has become a

Orientalism Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Orientalism - Movie Review Example In â€Å"Orientalism,† Edward Said, wanted to explain to the western world, especially the United States, some of the cultural and ideological differences between the â€Å"orient,† by which he means the Middle East, and the United States. Said’s â€Å"Orientalism† is divided into six sections, and in each section, he tackles one of the significant aspects of the relationship between the Middle East, representing the East, and the United States, representing the West. The five sections of â€Å"Orientalism† are designed under the titles: â€Å"The Repertory of orientalism,† â€Å"Orietalism and Empire,† â€Å"American orientalism,† â€Å"Orientalism Today : The Demonization of lslam in the News and Popular Culture,† â€Å"Oklahoma city Bombing,† and â€Å"Orientalism and Palestinian Question.† The dominating theme in the six sections is the notion that Orientalism constitutes a package of thoughts , beliefs, cultures, and traditions that are unique to the orient, and have to be adequately absorbed and understood by the East. According to Said, Orientalism does not connote a political or a social aspect alone. Rather, to understand the concept of Orientalis m according to Said, one has to develop deep understanding of many aspects that are unique to the orient. This idea is clearly expressed by Said when he introduces Orientalism as â€Å"a distribution of geopolitical awareness into aesthetic scholarly, economic, sociological, historical, and philological texts.† (Chapter 4) So, by using this set of â€Å"aspects,† Said approaches Orientalism as â€Å"a whole series of ‘interests’,† not a single entity. Among the various aspects of Orientalism, the cultural aspect remains the most distinguished and unique to the orient. The diversity of the cultures of the orient is stressed by Said, who believes that â€Å"cultural strength is not something we can discuss very easily.† Said declared that New York "plays an important role in the kind of

Support use of the medication. Essay Example for Free

Support use of the medication. Essay 1. Identify legislation that governs the use of medication in the social care settings. The Medicines Act 1968, the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (and later amendments), the Misuse of Drugs (Safe Custody) Regulations 1973 (and later amendments), the Health and Safety at Work Act (1974), COSHH, the Mental Capacity Act (2005) the Access to health records Act (1990), the Data Protection Act (1998) plus equality legislation. 2. Outline the legal classification system for medication. The classification of medicines are all related to the medicines act 1968, while working with medication it is good to have an understanding and working knowledge of the common types of medication by training that should be provided by you company that you work for. 3. Explain how and why policies and procedures or agreed ways of working must reflect and incorporate legislative requirements. The polices and procedures are put in place to make sure that legislation is being followed so that all people in the setting, staff and the people who need care are being cared for are safe, all needs are being met, inclusive practise and diversity is being followed out and that the setting is staying within the law. They must reflect on legislation so that the polices and procedures are correct and are the correct way of doing things. For example if a health and safety procedure was put in place and was not inline with legislation then this could cause the setting to get in trouble with the law and could cause harm to the person who was in need of health and safety requirements could become harmed. Read more: Essay About  Administer Medication and Monitor the Effects 4. Identify common types of medication. Antibiotics, Antipsychotic and anti depressants. 5. List conditions for which each type of medication may be prescribed? Antibiotics They can be used to treat relatively mild conditions such as acne as well as potentially life-threatening conditions such as pneumonia. Antipsychotic medications are often prescribed for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Psychotic symptoms are common in bipolar I disorder, and antipsychotic medications are the standard treatment for these symptoms. There are also some antipsychotic that have direct effects on mania and/or depression and are therefore used as mood stabilizers. Anti depressants Antidepressants are used to treat several conditions. They include, but are not limited to: depression, generalized anxiety disorder, agitation, obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD), manic-depressive disorders, childhood enuresis (bedwetting), major depressive disorder, , naturopathic pain, social anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 6. Describe changes to an individuals physical or mental well being that may indicate an adverse reaction to the medication. Antibiotics possible adverse reactions: Being sick feeling sick diarrhoea bloating and indigestion abdominal pain loss of appetite. Antipsychotic possible adverse reactions. Stiffness and shakiness – this can often be reduced by lowering the dose. However, if a high dose is necessary, the shakiness can be treated with the same kind of medication that is used for Parkinson’s disease. Uncomfortable restlessness (akathisia) Persistent abnormal movement, usually of jaw, lips and tongue () Make the problem worse before it makes it better. Anti depressants possible adverse reactions. SSRIs and SNRIs Common side effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin- reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) include: feeling sick diarrhoea or constipation dizziness dry mouth feeling agitated or shaky not sleeping well (insomnia) or, alternatively, feeling very sleepy loss of appetite excessive sweating 7. Describe the roles and responsibilities of those involved in prescribing dispensing and supporting use of medication. The prescriber must be trained appropriately (may be a GP or nurse prescriber for example) and update themselves as required by any professional body that they might belong to prescriptions should be written clearly, ensuring the patient understands any side effects and the reasons for the prescription be given to them and how long they should take it for. Medication should only be prescribed after careful consideration of the patients best interests. The prescriber should have access to the most up to date version of the British National Formulary (BNF). Dispensing must also be appropriately trained, follow safe systems of work and understand the side effects of various drugs; be able to access appropriate information and understand when to access advice or further information (the dispenser may not necessarily be a trained pharmacist but should be working alongside one). By supporting medication this is through following care plans or support plans; staying with the person to support them to take it; using appropriate equipment (spoon etc) and a drink of water or any other way to help the medication go down like a yoghurt and of course reassuring communication. 8. Explain were responsibilities lie in relation to use of over the counter remedies and supplements Many medicines can be purchased through wholesalers and retail outlets by anyone. People may decide to buy and keep remedies to take themselves, including herbal remedies and products that they purchase from other countries. When the care provider keeps a range of ‘homely remedies’, it is care workers who will decide whether to give them to a resident or not. Homely remedies are used to provide immediate relief for mild to moderate symptoms. They are treatments that people would use themselves without consulting their GP, for example to treat toothache or indigestion. These medicines are potent and may interact with medicines that the doctor has prescribed for residents. The care provider is under no obligation to provide this treatment. But if homely remedies are purchased for occasional use by residents, the care provider must have a written policy that details the following: †¢ which medicines are kept for immediate relief of mild symptoms that a resident may choose to self-treat in their own home †¢ the indications for offering the medicines †¢ the dose to give and how often it may be repeated before referring to the resident’s doctor †¢ how to establish with the resident’s GP that the remedies will not interact with other prescribed medicines †¢ how to obtain the resident’s consent to treatment that the doctor has not prescribed †¢ how the administration will be recorded. 9. Describe the routes by which medication can be administered. Oral Nasal Transdermal Rectal sub-cutaneous intra-muscular intravenous 10. Describe different forms in which medication may be presented. tablet or capsule sublingual (SL) under the tongue buccal in the cheek Suppository vaginal [per vagina (PV)] inserted in the vagina rectal [per rectum (PR)] inserted in the rectum inhalation inhaled through the nose or mouth aerosol -spray (fluid) nebulizer device used to produce a fine spray or mist, often in a metered dose (fluid) intradermal within the skin intramuscular within the muscle intravenous within the vein subcutaneous under the skin Related to skin topical applied to the surface of the skin cream, lotion, ointment transdermal absorption of drug through unbroken skin. 11. Describe materials and equipment that can assist in administering medication. Gloves Aprons Spoons Medication pots Syringes Inhalers Peg tubes. 12. Explain the importance of the following principles in the use of medication. Consent, self administration, dignity and privacy and confidentiality. If someone self-medicates or is actively encouraged to participate in the whole process of taking their medication, depending on their ability, e.g. knowing when they need to repeat their prescription, knowing the time to take their meds, or getting a glass of water to take their tablets then they are being empowered to be active in the process, not a passive recipient who has no understanding/control over a part of their life, its about being person-centred, doing things with the individual, promoting their independence, feelings of self-worth esteem, hopefully less chance of mistakes being made. An individuals right to have their dignity privacy respected, following organisations Policies Procedures, National Standards, Codes of Conduct, Essential Standards of Quality Safety, this also relates to consent (Mental Capacity Act 2005) the right to confidentiality (Data Protection Act.) 13. Explain how risk assessment can be used to promote an individuals independence in managing medication. You have to think how a risk assessment finds the best way to manage something so that the individual is as independent as possible. For example it can find the best equipment for the individual to use to take a liquid medication foe example a spoon, cup, syringe etc so that they dont have to rely on others. Or it can reveal the individuals ability to remember what to take and when to take it.